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When Tristen Boyer recently had a couple of cavities filled, her dentist recommended a fluoride treatment afterward. Given that she has Crohn’s disease—a condition that increases the risk of tooth decay—she decided it was a worthwhile step.
“It’s something I felt like I should get done,” said Boyer, a 22-year-old University of Kentucky student. “It’s something I’m going to keep doing.”
Dentists and hygienists often suggest fluoride treatments to help prevent cavities and strengthen teeth. The procedure, which involves applying a varnish, gel, or foam directly to the teeth, is simple yet not always covered by insurance, particularly for adults.
So, when is fluoride treatment necessary? Here’s what experts have to say.
Who Needs In-Office Fluoride Treatment?
For those at high risk of tooth decay, professional fluoride treatments can be beneficial. However, if someone has not experienced cavities for years, their current oral hygiene routine may be sufficient, said Dr. Robert Weyant of the University of Pittsburgh.
Dentists assess risk factors such as cavity history, dietary habits, and oral hygiene practices. Patients who lack access to fluoridated water, do not use fluoride toothpaste, or do not floss regularly may benefit from fluoride treatments, according to Dr. Alex Daniel of Johns Hopkins University.
Certain groups, such as menopausal women and individuals taking medications that cause dry mouth, may also be more vulnerable to decay. For those at risk, dentists typically recommend treatments every three, six, or twelve months.
Pros and Cons of Fluoride Treatment
Fluoride helps prevent decay by reinforcing tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid produced by bacteria in the mouth.
“Acid dissolves away tooth enamel, which weakens it and leads to cavities,” explained Ohio dentist Dr. Matthew Messina, a spokesperson for the American Dental Association. “Fluoride strengthens the enamel, making it harder.”
While fluoride treatment is widely supported for children, research on its effectiveness in adults is less extensive, Weyant noted. However, dentists generally agree that it poses no safety concerns, with the main potential side effect being fluorosis—a rare cosmetic discoloration of the teeth caused by excessive fluoride intake.
Despite some recent opposition to fluoride in drinking water—including concerns raised by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the nation’s new health and human services secretary—dentists emphasize that the levels of fluoride in toothpaste, drinking water, and professional treatments are safe and beneficial.
Is Fluoride Treatment Worth the Cost?
Fluoride treatments typically cost between $25 and $55. While many insurance plans cover them for children, adults often have to pay out of pocket.
Boyer, who received fluoride treatments as a child, paid $30 for her first adult treatment. Though she wishes insurance would cover it, she considers it a worthwhile expense to avoid decay, costly dental procedures, and potential tooth loss.
“We only have one set of teeth,” she said. “The longer you can keep them, the longer you should.”
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a dentist or healthcare professional to determine whether fluoride treatment is right for you.
© 2025 The Associated Press.
