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If you’ve been feeling unusually fatigued, gained weight unexpectedly, or experienced other subtle health changes, you might be wondering if it’s just a sign of aging or something more. While general symptoms like these could indicate a variety of causes, one possibility is hypothyroidism—an underactive thyroid.
Dr. Victor Bernet, an endocrinologist at Mayo Clinic, explains that hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. “Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid is making inadequate amounts of thyroid hormone,” Dr. Bernet explains.
The symptoms of hypothyroidism can develop slowly and may not be immediately obvious. Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, muscle pain, and swelling in the hands and feet are some of the common signs. However, the presence of just one symptom is often not enough to confirm the condition. “If you just have one of these symptoms, the chances of hypothyroidism are less than when you have a combination of symptoms all developing—that can be a big deal,” says Dr. Bernet.
For many people, these symptoms can be overlooked or attributed to other health issues. However, untreated hypothyroidism can worsen over time and lead to more serious health complications such as high cholesterol, heart problems, and even infertility.
Since hypothyroidism shares symptoms with other common health problems, Dr. Bernet stresses the importance of seeing a doctor if you suspect you may have it. “The symptoms of hypothyroidism overlap with many other general medical issues. So it’s important, if you suspect yourself of having hypothyroidism, to go see your doctor and have some appropriate thyroid blood testing done,” he advises.
Fortunately, diagnosing hypothyroidism is straightforward through a blood test, which can confirm whether thyroid hormone levels are low. Treatment typically involves taking daily oral thyroid medication to bring hormone levels back to a normal range. “Treatment will likely be lifelong,” Dr. Bernet notes, but with proper management, most individuals with hypothyroidism can lead a normal, healthy life.
If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, it’s important not to ignore them. Consulting with a healthcare provider and getting a thyroid blood test can help identify the root cause and get you on the path to effective treatment.
