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May 8, 2025
For years, expectant and new mothers have wondered: Does what I eat during pregnancy and breastfeeding affect my child’s risk of developing food allergies? Now, researchers are closer than ever to providing evidence-based answers-though the full picture is not yet clear.
Understanding Food Allergies
Food allergies occur when the body’s immune system overreacts to certain foods, treating them as harmful invaders. In Australia, common allergens include egg, cow’s milk, peanut, tree nuts, sesame, soy, wheat, fish, and seafood. Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms like hives and vomiting to severe, life-threatening responses such as difficulty breathing and collapse.
How Early Exposure May Help
During pregnancy, food allergens can cross the placenta and reach the baby’s developing digestive system. After birth, these allergens also pass through breast milk. This early exposure is believed to help the baby’s immune system recognize these foods as safe, potentially reducing the risk of allergies later in life.
Recent studies have found that breast milk from mothers who consume more egg, peanut, cow’s milk, and wheat contains higher levels of food allergen-specific antibodies. These antibodies may help protect babies from developing allergies, while lower levels are linked with a higher risk.
What the Research Says
Despite promising theories, conclusive evidence is still lacking. Past studies have produced mixed results due to differences in populations, dietary assessments, and other influencing factors. To address this, two major Australian studies are underway:
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The PrEggNut Study: Over 2,100 mothers were randomly assigned to eat either higher or lower amounts of egg and peanut from mid-pregnancy until their baby was four months old. Results are expected in 2026.
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The Nuts For Babies Study: This new study is recruiting 4,000 pregnant women to investigate whether eating peanuts and cashew nuts during breastfeeding can lower the risk of nut allergies in children.
Current Recommendations
While the science continues to evolve, current advice is clear: mothers should not avoid common allergy-causing foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless they themselves are allergic. Early exposure to allergens, both before and after birth, may actually reduce the risk of allergies.
Once a baby is ready for solid foods-usually around six months-introducing peanuts and eggs is recommended to further reduce allergy risk. Including these foods regularly in a child’s diet may also help maintain tolerance.
Looking Ahead
Experts emphasize that genetics and environmental factors also play significant roles in allergy development. As research progresses, clearer guidelines will emerge to help families make informed choices.
Disclaimer:
This article is based on information from a recent article published on Medical Xpress, which was reviewed, fact-checked, and written by researchers. It is intended for general informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for guidance specific to your situation. For more details, see the original article here.
