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Date: January 20, 2024
A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Surrey reveals a concerning connection between the escalating impacts of climate change and the increased transmission of campylobacteriosis, a bacterial infection responsible for causing diarrhoea and stomach pains. Published in the journal PLOS Computational Biology, the findings shed light on the potential implications for public health and the importance of better preparedness within health services.
Campylobacteriosis, caused by Campylobacter bacteria, is a common bacterial infection globally and is a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, according to the World Health Organization. While infections are generally mild, they can be severe and fatal, particularly among vulnerable populations such as very young children, the elderly, and immunosuppressed individuals.
The research team utilized an innovative mathematical model, comparing approximately 1 million cases of campylobacteriosis in England and Wales over a 20-year period with concurrent weather parameters. The analysis revealed consistent incidences of the illness below temperatures of 8 degrees Celsius. However, a notable surge in infection rates (approximately 1 case per million) was observed for every 5-degree rise in temperature within the range of 8 to 15 degrees Celsius.
The study identified a correlation with humidity, indicating a higher incidence of infection when air moisture levels ranged between 75% and 80%. Additionally, researchers observed a significant association between increased cases of campylobacteriosis and day lengths exceeding 10 hours, a connection further reinforced when humidity levels were high.
Surprisingly, rainfall and wind speed did not exhibit a strong correlation with the spread of campylobacteriosis, suggesting a more nuanced relationship between climate factors and the transmission of the bacterial infection.
Dr. Giovanni Lo Iacono, Senior Lecturer in Biostatistics and Epidemiology at the University of Surrey, commented on the findings, stating, “What we have found is that rising temperatures, humidity, and increased day length are associated with the spread of campylobacteriosis. We do not fully understand why this may be. It could be that warm weather increases the survival and spread of pathogenic bacteria (so the weather causes the disease) or alternatively it could be people’s behavior and how they socialize during such periods.”
Dr. Lo Iacono highlighted the dual impact of climate change, not only influencing the environment but also potentially negatively affecting public health by facilitating the spread of infectious diseases. The study underscores the importance of continued research and heightened awareness of the health consequences associated with climate change.
