0
0
New Delhi, September 2, 2024 — Health experts have raised concerns that chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, when coupled with poor lifestyle choices like inadequate exercise and unhealthy diets, can significantly increase the body’s inflammation levels, thereby contributing to an elevated risk of cognitive decline.
Inflammation is the body’s natural defense mechanism against infections, injuries, pathogens, irritants, or oxidative stress. However, when inflammation becomes chronic, it can have detrimental effects on cognitive function, leading to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
“Inflammation of brain tissue, caused by an overactive immune response or long-standing infection, can lead to neuronal and cognitive decline,” said Dr. Vinus Taneja, a Consultant in the Department of Medicine at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. “The elderly population, as well as individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, are particularly vulnerable to these risks.”
Chronic inflammation can disrupt the blood-brain barrier and affect inflammatory markers, such as interleukins and C-reactive proteins, which play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. Taneja emphasized that inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a significant factor in cognitive decline, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases.
Genetics and inflammatory profiles are also key contributors to both inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, lifestyle factors can exacerbate these risks. Dr. Vipul Gupta, Group Director of Neurointervention at Paras Hospital, Gurugram, highlighted how low physical activity, chronic stress, obesity, and poor dietary choices, including the consumption of oily, junk, or processed foods, can all lead to chronic inflammation.
“Inflammation can be either acute or chronic,” Dr. Gupta explained. “Acute inflammation occurs in response to infections or fevers and typically resolves once the infection is contained. However, chronic inflammation, seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disorders, can persist for years, leading to long-term cognitive impairments.”
Studies have shown that individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions, particularly those who are obese, have a higher risk of cognitive decline due to sustained inflammation. Dr. Gupta stressed the importance of prevention, recommending regular physical activity, a Mediterranean diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoidance of smoking and alcohol to mitigate inflammation.
Chronic stress, another contributor to inflammation, can be managed through mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation techniques. Additionally, managing underlying chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension is crucial for long-term inflammation control.
Health experts also advise maintaining a healthy weight and undergoing regular medical check-ups to identify any underlying issues contributing to chronic inflammation. Early detection and treatment of these issues are vital in preventing cognitive decline and promoting overall brain health.
As the population ages and the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to rise, understanding the link between inflammation and cognitive decline becomes increasingly important. By adopting healthier lifestyles and addressing chronic conditions early, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their cognitive health and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
