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In a groundbreaking study conducted by Cardiff University, researchers have revealed that the early use of azithromycin does not prevent the development of chronic lung disease in premature babies. This finding comes from the largest clinical trial ever conducted on azithromycin’s efficacy in combating chronic lung diseases among prematurely born infants.
Professor Sailesh Kotecha from Cardiff University School of Medicine spearheaded the research, aiming to address the pressing issue of chronic lung disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which significantly impacts the health and mortality rates of prematurely born infants.
“Chronic lung disease is a major concern for premature babies, and despite medical advancements, its rates have remained stubbornly high, particularly among infants born preterm at less than 30 weeks gestation,” Professor Kotecha highlighted.
The study, known as the AZTEC trial, involved 796 premature babies from 28 neonatal intensive care units across the UK. Collaborating with institutions such as the University of Leicester, Imperial College London, and Newcastle University, the research aimed to conclusively determine whether azithromycin could lower the incidence of chronic lung disease in premature infants.
The results, published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, unequivocally demonstrate that azithromycin failed to prevent chronic lung disease in prematurely born babies. Professor Kotecha emphasized the importance of caution in the use of antibiotics like azithromycin in neonatal units, particularly given the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.
“While there has been speculation for decades about the potential of antibiotics to reduce chronic lung disease in premature infants, our study provides clear evidence to the contrary. This definitive information will aid in refining treatment strategies for this vulnerable population and discourage the inappropriate use of antibiotics,” Professor Kotecha explained.
Moreover, the study underscores the need for further research into alternative interventions and the long-term effects of azithromycin on respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants.
As the medical community grapples with the complexities of neonatal care and antibiotic stewardship, studies like the AZTEC trial offer invaluable insights that can guide clinical practice and improve outcomes for premature babies worldwide.
