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Mumbai, June 9, 2025:
Health experts across India are raising alarms over the silent but significant impact of alcohol consumption, smoking, and vaping on fertility in both men and women. With fertility issues on the rise, particularly among women, doctors emphasize that these lifestyle choices are not just personal vices but have far-reaching consequences on reproductive health and the well-being of future generations.
Lifestyle Choices Linked to Fertility Problems
Dr. Anuja Thomas, consultant-obstetrician and gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospitals, Kharghar, points out that while age, stress, and reproductive health conditions are commonly cited causes of infertility, the role of smoking, drinking, and vaping is often underestimated. “These vices are often seen as personal choices, but they impact fertility as well. Many people believe that reducing or pausing these habits only when planning a pregnancy is enough,” Dr. Thomas told PTI.
She stresses the importance of completely avoiding these substances, as they can damage reproductive organs, disrupt hormonal balance, and even affect the health of future offspring. “They can disrupt hormonal balance, affect menstrual cycles, reduce fertility and raise the chances of miscarriages. Long-term use may also harm fetal development, causing complications during pregnancy and delivery,” she added.
Harmful Effects on Both Men and Women
Echoing these concerns, Dr. Manju Gupta, senior consultant-obstetrician and gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospitals, Noida, explains that smoking affects fertility in both genders. In women, it accelerates the loss of eggs, damages fallopian tubes, and increases the risk of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. For men, smoking lowers sperm count and causes DNA damage in sperm, which can lead to miscarriages and birth defects.
“Passive smoking is equally dangerous for reproductive health,” Dr. Gupta warns. She also dispels the myth that quitting smoking or vaping just a few months before trying to conceive is enough, noting that these habits can have long-lasting effects on fertility.
Vaping and Alcohol: Not Safe Alternatives
Dr. Neha Tripathi, a fertility specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Delhi NCR, highlights that vaping, often marketed as a safer alternative, contains chemicals that can harm the uterine lining and egg development. Alcohol, meanwhile, interferes with ovulation, causes hormonal imbalances, and damages the fallopian tubes, making conception more difficult.
“In men, these substances reduce sperm count, damage sperm DNA, and lower testosterone levels, all of which impact male fertility,” Dr. Tripathi said. She recommends regular exercise, a healthy diet, and professional help to quit these habits as key steps to preserving reproductive health.
Increased Cancer Risks
Beyond fertility, these habits also elevate the risk of various cancers. Dr. Gaurav Jaswal, consultant in radiation oncology at TGH Onco Life Cancer Centre, Talegaon, notes that smoking, alcohol, and vaping can damage DNA, weaken immunity, and trigger long-term inflammation, leading to breast, cervical, oral, and lung cancers, especially in women.
Conclusion
With mounting evidence linking alcohol consumption, smoking, and vaping to fertility issues and increased cancer risks, experts urge both men and women to make informed choices. Quitting these habits not only improves chances of conception but also safeguards long-term health.
Disclaimer:
This article is based on expert opinions and information reported by Millennium Post. It is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Individuals concerned about their reproductive health or substance use should consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
