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In a groundbreaking study published today in Nature Cities, researchers have unveiled a novel approach to mitigating nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions through the addition of nitrogen to concrete. This innovative process could significantly reduce the global levels of harmful NOx produced by the construction industry, particularly in rapidly developing towns and cities.
The study estimates that concrete nitrogenation could lead to a reduction of NOx emissions by 3.4-6.9 megatonnes (Mt), accounting for 6-13% of the industry’s emissions in 2021. Looking ahead to 2050, the potential reduction could total between 131 and 384 Mt. These reductions are equated to preventing 75-260 years of life potentially lost to premature death and reduced quality of life, measured in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY).
NOx are highly reactive and toxic air pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and pose significant health risks, especially respiratory diseases. They are a major factor in air pollution-related mortality. The new study’s findings highlight the environmental and health benefits of concrete nitrogenation.
The international research team behind the study emphasizes that commercializing nitrogenation offers better economic and environmental prospects than similar carbon dioxide (CO2) processes. Dr. Yuli Shan from the University of Birmingham commented on the importance of this development:
“Cities around the world, particularly in the global south, are undergoing extensive urban renewal and expansion, which inevitably leads to increased atmospheric pollution. From 1970 to 2018, global NOx emissions nearly doubled from 70 Mt to 120 Mt. Managing these emissions is crucial for urban health, sustainable industrial growth, and environmental well-being.”
Ms. Ning Zhang from the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban & Regional Development, the study’s first author, highlighted the significant potential of nitrogenated concrete:
“Concrete has substantial potential for capturing NOx. This technology holds promise for rapidly urbanizing and emerging industrial regions, offering significant economic value and reducing industrial NOx pollution.”
The researchers pointed out that China, Europe, and the United States have the greatest capacity to contribute to this effort, given their mix of emerging and established industrial economies. They also suggested establishing an emissions trading system similar to the one for CO2 to better quantify and promote the benefits of NOx sequestration.
Despite the promising prospects, the practical application of concrete nitrogenation faces challenges, particularly in transporting large volumes of materials and gases. The experts recommend leveraging established industrial and commercial concrete carbonation systems to optimize logistics and enhance the feasibility of this innovative process.
The study underscores the potential of nitrogenated concrete as an integrated solution for reducing air pollution and managing construction waste, paving the way for more sustainable urban and industrial development.
