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PARIS, June 17, 2025 — France’s prison system is undergoing a notable shift in its approach to substance use disorders, with addiction care initiatives taking root behind bars as authorities confront startlingly high rates of drug and tobacco use among inmates.
For years, drug use in French prisons was often overlooked or denied by prison administrations, based on the assumption that the law would naturally suppress such behaviors. However, the reality of substance abuse within correctional facilities became undeniable as concerns over infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis emerged in the 1980s, prompting initial public health responses focused primarily on disease control rather than addiction treatment.
Today, the tide is turning. Prison authorities and healthcare professionals now acknowledge both the prevalence and complexity of addiction within the incarcerated population. A landmark national survey—the 2023 ESSPRI study led by the French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT)—has provided the first comprehensive statistical overview of substance use in French prisons. The survey, which included interviews with over 1,000 adult male prisoners, revealed that 63% of inmates smoke tobacco daily—2.5 times the rate of the general population. Additionally, 26% use cannabis every day, a figure eight times higher than in the general public. Other illicit drugs, such as cocaine, crack, MDMA, and heroin, are used by about 1 in 10 inmates.
The ESSPRI findings have prompted calls for health policies to be adjusted to reflect the realities observed within prisons. In particular, the dominance of tobacco as a leading cause of preventable death among adults has underscored the need for intensified prevention and cessation efforts.
In response, French prisons are rolling out new addiction care strategies. Craving management workshops and peer-led support programs are being introduced, helping to reframe addiction as a healthcare issue rather than a disciplinary one. These initiatives aim to provide inmates with tools to manage cravings, reduce harm, and support recovery.
Moreover, France has been experimenting with specialized therapeutic communities within prisons, such as the drug user rehabilitation unit (URUD) at the Neuvic detention centre. Early evaluations of URUD show promising results, including improved inmate relationships with supervisors, enhanced self-esteem, and better preparation for reintegration into society.
Despite these advances, challenges remain. The treatment of individuals with addictive behaviors in secure psychiatric units is not a priority, and therapeutic addiction actions are still limited in some settings. Nevertheless, the progress made so far signals a growing commitment to addressing substance use disorders as a public health priority within the French prison system.
Disclaimer:
This news article is based on recent reports and official surveys from French authorities and healthcare organizations. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, the information provided may be subject to updates as new data becomes available. Readers are encouraged to consult official sources for the latest information.
