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Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nangs, is a widely accessible and inexpensive substance that has gained popularity among young people. Despite its growing use, it often escapes scrutiny in public health programs and educational curricula. In Australia, for instance, nitrous oxide is not included in school drug education programs, leaving many users unaware of its associated risks.
What is Nitrous Oxide?
Nitrous oxide has long been used in medical and dental settings for sedation and pain relief. However, it is also widely used recreationally, often inhaled from balloons or whipped cream dispensers. The gas induces short-lived euphoria, dissociation, and altered perception, typically lasting about a minute.
Although nitrous oxide is not legally sold for recreational use, its availability through baking supply stores and online delivery services makes it easy to obtain. This accessibility has contributed to its rising popularity, particularly among young people.
The Rise in Usage
Research into the recreational use of nitrous oxide remains limited. However, global trends indicate an increase in consumption.
- A 2022 survey found that nitrous oxide was the second most used controlled substance among 16–24-year-olds in the UK, following cannabis.
- In the Netherlands, a 2023 ban on nitrous oxide followed reports linking the gas to 1,800 road accidents, including 63 fatal crashes, over three years.
- The Global Drug Survey reported that between 2015 and 2021, the number of respondents using nitrous oxide doubled from 10% to 20%.
Health Risks of Nitrous Oxide
Although nitrous oxide is not classified as one of the most dangerous drugs, it carries significant health risks. Short-term effects include:
- Cold burns from the gas
- Dizziness and nausea
- Increased risk of injury from falls
- Loss of consciousness and seizures due to oxygen deprivation
Long-term health effects can be severe and include:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency, leading to numbness in the hands and feet, nerve damage, and potential paralysis.
- Urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction.
- Memory loss and cognitive impairment.
- Increased risk of stroke.
- Mental health issues, including depression and psychosis.
The availability of larger canisters, capable of delivering significantly higher doses of nitrous oxide, has been linked to more severe health complications. Users consuming high doses frequently report faster onset of symptoms and longer-lasting damage.
New Research Highlights Dangerous Trends
A recent Australian study in 2025 interviewed seven young people (aged 18–25) who had used nitrous oxide at least ten times. The findings revealed a troubling lack of awareness about the drug’s risks.
Many participants reported experiencing symptoms such as unconsciousness, cold burns, sores around the mouth, and seizures. Others spoke of cognitive impairments such as “memory zaps” and “brain fog,” which negatively impacted their academic and professional lives. Alarmingly, some admitted to using nitrous oxide before driving, unaware of its lingering effects on concentration and reaction times.
The Role of Social Media in Harm Reduction
Videos of nitrous oxide use are easily found on social media, highlighting both its popularity and potential as an educational platform. Recognizing this, researchers collaborated with 30 young nitrous oxide users to develop harm-reduction strategies.
Using TikTok, Instagram, and Reddit, they created targeted messaging to promote safer usage practices, such as:
- “Take a breath” – Encouraging users to inhale nitrous oxide for only ten seconds at a time to maintain oxygen levels.
- “Take a seat” – Advising users to sit while inhaling to prevent falls and injuries.
Conclusion
Despite its seemingly harmless reputation, recreational nitrous oxide use poses significant health risks that are often overlooked. Increased public awareness, inclusion in drug education programs, and targeted harm-reduction strategies are essential in mitigating its dangers.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not endorse or promote drug use. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, seek professional help from medical and mental health professionals.
