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A groundbreaking global study has revealed that epilepsy remains one of the most prevalent serious brain conditions, with nearly 52 million people affected worldwide as of 2021. The research, conducted as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021) and published in The Lancet Public Health, sheds light on the increasing prevalence of the condition and the progress made in reducing epilepsy-related deaths.
According to the study, the number of people living with epilepsy increased by 10.8% from 1990 to 2021. Researchers attribute this rise primarily to improvements in diagnosing and identifying epilepsy cases. However, the study also highlights a significant 14.5% decrease in epilepsy-related deaths over the same period. While the exact reasons for this decline remain uncertain, experts believe it is likely due to advancements in medical treatment and the better identification of less severe epileptic seizures.
Epilepsy affects individuals of all ages and significantly increases the risk of premature death—up to three times higher than that of the general population. The study focused on estimating the global prevalence of active idiopathic epilepsy (cases of genetic or unknown origin) and secondary epilepsy (caused by underlying structural or chemical abnormalities in the brain).
One of the study’s most striking findings is the disparity in epilepsy burden across different regions. In 2021, low-income and middle-income countries experienced significantly higher rates of epilepsy incidence (82.1%) and deaths (84.7%) compared to high-income countries. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, improved healthcare access, and enhanced treatment strategies in resource-limited regions.
By identifying areas with the highest epilepsy burden, the study provides critical data to inform public health policies and resource allocation. Additionally, it underscores the necessity for further research into the factors that contribute to idiopathic epilepsy, with the ultimate goal of reducing the global impact of the disease.
For further information, refer to the full study: Valery L Feigin et al, Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, The Lancet Public Health (2025). DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00302-5.
Disclaimer: This article is based on published research and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Individuals with epilepsy or related concerns should consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.
