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A recent study conducted by the University of Turku and Turku University Hospital in Finland has revealed that lifestyle choices during pregnancy can significantly impact a child’s motor development up to the age of 5–6 years. The study, published in the journal Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, investigated the long-term effects of maternal risk factors, particularly overweight and obesity, on children’s motor performance.
The research examined fine and gross motor skills, balance, and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) among children born to mothers who were overweight or obese during pregnancy. All participating mothers had their body composition measured using air displacement plethysmography, and gestational diabetes was diagnosed through an oral glucose tolerance test. Additionally, maternal dietary habits were assessed using a fish consumption questionnaire and food diaries, categorizing diets as either healthy or unhealthy.
Increased Risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder
The study found that 14% of the children examined were diagnosed with DCD at the age of 5–6 years—nearly three times the prevalence of the disorder among the general child population.
“Our study is the first to examine developmental coordination disorder in children whose mothers had overweight or obesity during pregnancy,” said Doctoral Researcher Lotta Saros from the Institute of Biomedicine at the University of Turku.
Moreover, children of mothers with higher body fat mass or percentage were at a greater risk of developing DCD. Interestingly, while precise body composition measurements highlighted this association, broader body mass index (BMI) assessments did not. The study did not find a direct correlation between gestational diabetes and children’s motor development.
“Based on our findings, it seems that a higher amount of body fat during the mother’s pregnancy is reflected in the child’s poorer motor development,” Saros explained.
Healthy Maternal Diet Supports Motor Development
The research also emphasized the importance of maternal nutrition in influencing a child’s motor abilities. A healthier maternal diet during early pregnancy correlated with better motor development in children, particularly in gross motor skills. Similarly, higher fish consumption among mothers was linked to improved fine and gross motor skills in their children.
A balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, rye bread, and fish provides essential vitamins and minerals necessary for fetal growth. Fish, in particular, serves as a vital source of unsaturated fats, including omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for brain development.
“It is likely that targeting prenatal nutrition guidance to mothers who are overweight or obese before pregnancy would benefit both the mothers and their children,” said Professor Kirsi Laitinen, leader of the Early Nutrition and Health Research Group at the University of Turku. “Such interventions could help manage maternal weight gain while also supporting children’s future motor development.”
Conclusion
The findings from this study reinforce the need for comprehensive prenatal nutrition and weight management strategies. Encouraging healthy dietary habits and maintaining optimal body composition during pregnancy may contribute to better motor development outcomes for children.
Disclaimer: This article summarizes findings from scientific research and does not constitute medical advice. Expectant mothers should consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance regarding nutrition and pregnancy health.
