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A new study has revealed that the age at which a woman has her first child could have long-term health consequences, specifically with regard to the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) later in life. The study, published online on January 16 in PLOS ONE, found that women who gave birth at younger than 26 years or older than 35 years have a significantly higher risk of developing the autoimmune disease.
The research, conducted by Hang Cui and colleagues from the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China, analyzed data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2020), which included 7,449 women. The study aimed to investigate the potential link between the age at first birth (AFB) and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
The findings indicated that women with an AFB younger than 18 years, between 18 to 20 years, 21 to 23 years, 24 to 26 years, or older than 35 years had a significantly higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis compared to those who had their first child between the ages of 30 and 32. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for these groups were 4.00, 2.90, 3.00, 3.18, and 3.36, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed in women who gave birth at ages 27–29 or 33–35.
The study’s authors suggest that these findings highlight the potential influence of early or late childbirth on later health, particularly with respect to rheumatoid arthritis. They recommend that policymakers focus on women who fall into these high-risk AFB age ranges for early screening and preventive measures to manage RA.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to the joints, often leading to long-term disability. The study’s results underscore the importance of understanding factors that may increase RA risk and could inform public health strategies.
Disclaimer: This study is based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and while it suggests an association between age at first birth and rheumatoid arthritis risk, it does not establish causality. Individuals should consult with their healthcare providers for personalized advice and screening recommendations.
