Five Ways to Save Your Legs: Advice from a Vascular Surgery Specialist

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Gangrene, a rapidly spreading foot abscess – these may sound like diseases of the past, but sadly, they are not. Leg amputation, a surgical procedure dating back 31,000 years, remains a concerning reality. Despite advancements in modern medicine, over 3,500 major leg amputations were performed in the UK in 2023 alone.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), the leading cause of these amputations, occurs when arteries in the legs become narrowed or blocked, restricting blood flow. This can lead to debilitating pain, foot ulcers, and ultimately, gangrene. A Danish study highlighted the severity of the condition, revealing that within five years of PAD diagnosis, 10% of patients require amputation, and 40% sadly succumb to the disease.

However, timely intervention and proactive lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of amputation. Here are five crucial steps:

Embrace a Healthy Lifestyle:
- Quit Smoking: Smoking severely damages blood vessels, accelerating PAD progression.
- Control Diabetes: Diabetes is a major risk factor. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial.
- Maintain a Balanced Diet: While not directly linked to PAD, a healthy diet helps prevent type 2 diabetes.
Prioritize Physical Activity:
- Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise daily. Walking, gardening, and dancing are excellent options.
- Walking Therapy: Even short walks can improve blood flow and walking distance for those with early-stage PAD.
Adhere to Medication:
- Medications are Essential: Antiplatelet medications (like aspirin) and statins significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and amputations.
Prioritize Foot Care:
- Proper Footwear: Wear well-fitting shoes that provide ample space for toes.
- Regular Foot Checks: People with diabetes should conduct daily foot inspections for cuts, blisters, and discoloration.
- Professional Foot Care: Consult a podiatrist for nail trimming and professional foot care, especially for those with numbness.
Don’t Ignore Symptoms:
- Seek Immediate Help: If you experience any of the following:
  - Pain in the toes or heel at rest
  - Non-healing foot wounds (over two weeks)
  - Blueish or purplish discoloration on the toes
  - Dry, black patches on the toes
- Prompt Medical Attention: Your GP can refer you to a vascular surgeon for urgent treatment if you are at risk of limb-threatening ischemia.

By adopting these preventive measures and seeking timely medical attention, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of amputation and improve their overall quality of life.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment.