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Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are both serious conditions that can occur when your body overheats. However, they are different in severity.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a less severe condition that occurs when your body loses an excessive amount of fluids and electrolytes through sweating. This can happen from being in hot weather for a long period of time, or from strenuous physical activity in hot weather.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion can include:
- Heavy sweating
- Weakness or fatigue
- Dizziness or fainting
- Nausea or vomiting
- Muscle cramps
- Cool, moist skin
- Weak, rapid pulse
- Headache
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is a medical emergency. It occurs when your body is unable to control its temperature and your core body temperature rises rapidly. Heat stroke can be fatal if not treated immediately.
Symptoms of heat stroke can include:
- Body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher
- Confusion
- Altered mental state (delirium, agitation)
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures
- Dry, hot skin
- No sweating
- Rapid, weak pulse
Treatment
If you think you or someone you know is suffering from heat exhaustion, it is important to take steps to cool the body down and replenish fluids. You should:
- Move to a cool, shaded area.
- Remove excess clothing.
- Drink cool fluids.
- Apply cool, wet cloths to the skin.
If you think you or someone you know is suffering from heat stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Prevention
The best way to avoid heat exhaustion and heat stroke is to take steps to prevent your body from overheating. Here are some tips:
- Drink plenty of fluids, even if you don’t feel thirsty.
- Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather.
- Wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothing.
- Take cool showers or baths.
- Avoid spending too much time in direct sunlight.
- Be aware of the weather forecast and heat advisories.
