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A new study from Monash University has shed light on the mechanisms behind bee venom allergies, which are the leading cause of hospitalization from venomous animals in Australia. The findings could pave the way for more effective treatments in the future.
Bee venom allergies a bigger threat than snakebites
According to the latest AIHW data, bee allergies were the number one cause of hospitalizations caused by venomous animals in 2021-22, with over 1,000 cases. This is significantly higher than the number of hospitalizations for snake envenomation (539) and spider bites (455).
Current treatment has limitations
The standard treatment for bee venom allergy, immunotherapy, is effective in up to 80% of recipients but can take several years to work. Additionally, it can induce anaphylaxis in some patients, and up to 20% of recipients lose its benefits within a year of stopping treatment.
New study reveals key to effective immunotherapy
The new study, published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, identifies the interplay between two types of antibodies as crucial for immunotherapy success. IgG antibodies neutralize allergens, while IgE antibodies trigger allergic reactions.
The importance of IgG antibodies
The researchers found that people with bee venom allergies often have IgG antibodies, but not enough to outnumber IgE antibodies. This imbalance is essential for preventing severe allergic reactions.
Future directions for research
The study suggests that future immunotherapies may need to target the entire surface of the allergen to be more effective. Additionally, researchers are investigating ways to boost IgG levels and understand how immune system cells produce these antibodies.
Implications for other allergies
The findings may also have implications for improving the effectiveness of vaccines and other immunotherapies.
Overall, the new research offers promising insights into developing better treatments for bee venom allergies and potentially other allergies.
This article is based on a press release from Monash University.
