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A groundbreaking study published in ERJ Open Research suggests that individuals adhering to a plant-based diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and nuts may have a reduced risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Conversely, those consuming an unhealthy plant-based diet characterized by refined carbohydrates, sugary drinks, and high-sugar, high-salt foods are more prone to developing OSA, a potentially serious sleep disorder.
OSA is marked by symptoms such as loud snoring, intermittent breathing interruptions throughout the night, and frequent awakenings. Beyond causing fatigue, OSA has been linked to heightened risks of conditions including high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.
Led by Dr. Yohannes Melaku from Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, the study represents one of the largest-scale analyses to explore the association between plant-based diets and OSA risk. The findings suggest that adopting a healthy, plant-based diet may offer preventive or therapeutic benefits for OSA.
Dr. Melaku noted the study aimed to address a gap in understanding regarding how overall dietary patterns influence OSA risk, beyond specific dietary elements or weight loss. The research involved analyzing data from 14,210 participants in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, categorizing their diets and assessing OSA risk through questionnaires.
The results revealed compelling correlations: individuals with diets highest in plant-based foods were 19% less likely to suffer from OSA compared to those with lower consumption of such foods. Conversely, those consuming unhealthy plant-based diets faced a 22% higher risk of OSA. Interestingly, the study found varying risks between genders, with plant-based diets showing a stronger correlation with OSA risk in men, and unhealthy plant-based diets increasing the risk more significantly in women.
Dr. Melaku emphasized the importance of diet quality in managing OSA risk, citing potential mechanisms such as inflammation reduction and obesity prevention associated with healthy plant-based diets. Further research will explore links between ultra-processed foods and OSA risk, as well as long-term interactions between diet and OSA risk.
Professor Sophia Schiza, Head of the European Respiratory Society’s assembly on sleep-disordered breathing, highlighted the significance of the findings, suggesting dietary modifications as a potential strategy for managing or preventing OSA. Encouraging the incorporation of diverse vegetables, fruits, and whole grains while minimizing consumption of unhealthy foods could significantly enhance overall health outcomes.
As the understanding of the relationship between diet and sleep disorders expands, promoting healthy dietary habits emerges as a vital component of holistic health management.
