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In the fight against venomous snakebites, scientists are calling for straightforward and effective measures to minimize the number of people affected by these encounters. With approximately 140,000 annual snakebite-related fatalities worldwide and an additional 400,000 individuals left with permanent disabilities, the World Health Organization has declared snakebites a “neglected tropical disease” and aims to cut snakebite deaths and disabilities by 50% by 2030.
A new study led by an international team from the University of Exeter focused on Tamil Nadu, India, a known snakebite hotspot. Published in Conservation Science and Practice, the research revealed that while 69% of people take precautions to avoid snakebites, these measures don’t always align with evidence-based recommendations. The study emphasizes the importance of promoting locally practical methods, supported by local communities, to effectively address the issue.
Harrison Carter, who led the study as part of a master’s program in Conservation and Biodiversity at the University of Exeter, stated, “Much of the focus has been on antivenom treatment, but this isn’t always practical due to issues such as cost, frozen storage, and distance from treatment centers. With collaborative action from bodies including governments, donor agencies, researchers, and communities, we can drastically reduce the number of lives ended or severely impacted by snakebites.”
The research also highlighted the risk of snakebites leading to the killing of an unknown number of snakes, impacting snake conservation efforts and disrupting their role in providing essential “ecosystem services” such as pest control.
The survey, conducted in rural agricultural communities in Tamil Nadu, involved 535 participants, addressing anti-snakebite measures taken and the barriers preventing further protection. Despite Tamil Nadu’s population representing only 5% of India, an estimated 20% of the country’s snakebite deaths occur in the region.
Of those who took preventive measures, 59% followed evidence-based practices such as maintaining clean surroundings and using torches at night. However, 41% relied on measures not supported by research or official guidelines, including sprinkling salt, garlic, turmeric, or bleach as deterrents.
The researchers emphasized the need for location-specific solutions that are practical and easily embraced by communities. Carter highlighted the importance of consulting with local communities to understand their needs and develop effective preventive measures. The study’s focus on Tamil Nadu, home to four venomous snakes, could offer insights applicable to other tropical regions facing similar challenges.
The research team included scientists from the universities of São Paulo, Witwatersrand, NOVA University Lisbon, and the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust.
